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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a target, a prize for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each the documents you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to have a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise gathered here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when important source you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.