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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it will become a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a go black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.